Cell Infection Assay

Cell infection assay

Plaque reduction assay and Yield reduction assay are approved methods to determine antiviral substances

Verify virus titer by use of TCID50 (Median Tissue Culture Infectious Dose)

Example: Green fluorescence. Adherent cells (primary human fibroblasts) in 96-well-mikrotiterplate. Fluorophores: DAPI and AlexaFluor488.

Microscopic magnification for immunohistochemical and  fluorophores staining for plates from 6 to 384 wells and Microscope/Hemocytometer  slides.

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GFP/DAPI-expressed virus infected

"Using DNA recombinant technology, scientists combine the GFP gene to a another gene that produces a protein that they want to study, and then they insert the complex into a cell." [https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/green-fluorescent-protein]

RFP-expressed virus infected

"Using DNA recombinant technology, scientists combine the RFP gene to a another gene that produces a protein that they want to study, and then they insert the complex into a cell." [https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/green-fluorescent-protein but with RFP instead of GFP]

Non stained cells may be counted in a kind of phase contrast mode.

Alveolar epithelial cells (AEC)

"Typically, type 1 alveolar cells comprise the major gas exchange surface of the alveolus and are integral to the maintenance of the permeability barrier function of the alveolar membrane. Type 2 pneumocytesare the progenitors of type 1 cells and are responsible for surfactant production and homeostasis." [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/alveolar-type-i-cells]

The alveolar epitheliumis a major target in toxic exposures of the lung because of its structural delicacy and proximity to inhaled toxicants. Type II epithelial cellsare important in maintaining the integrity of alveolar epitheliumand normal lung function.